Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

CiteULike is a free service for managing and discovering scholarly references - click here to get started.

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Currents in Biblical Research
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Boustan, R. S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

The Study of Heikhalot Literature: Between Mystical Experience and Textual Artifact

Ra'Anan S. Boustan

Department of History and Near Eastern Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, USA, boustan{at}history.ucla.edu

This essay outlines the fundamental methodological and empirical advances that the study of Heikhalot literature has experienced during the past 25 years with the aim of encouraging specialists and enabling non-specialists to approach this complex material with greater precision and sophistication. The field of early Jewish mysticism has been profoundly shaped by the increasing integration in the humanities of cultural and material histories, resulting in an increased focus on scribal practice and other material conditions that shaped the production and transmission of these texts. Against previous assumptions, recent research has shown Heikhalot literature to be a radically unstable literature. This article will review the research tools (editions, concordances, translations, etc.) that now allow for careful analysis of Heikhalot and related texts. Tracing recent research, I demonstrate how our new understanding of the fluid and heterogeneous nature of the Heikhalot corpus will better enable scholars to pursue the important work of understanding its social and religious significance, within the broader landscape of late antique and medieval religions.

Key Words: apocalyptic • Heikhalot literature • magic (early Jewish) • Merkavah mysticism • reception-history • transmission-history.

References

  • Abrams, D. 1996 ' Critical and Post-Critical Textual Scholarship of Jewish Mystical Literature: Notes on the History and Development of Modem Editing Techniques ', Kabbalah 1: 17-71 .
  • 1998 ` Ma`aseh Merkabah as a Literary Work: The Reception of Hekhalot Traditions by the German Pietists and Kabbalistic Reinterpretation ', JSQ 5: 329-45 .
  • Abusch, R. 2003 'Seven-fold Hymns in the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice and the Hekhalot Literature: Formalism, Hierarchy, and the Limits of Human Participation', in J.R. Davila (ed.), The Dead Sea Scrolls as Background to Post-Biblical Judaism and Early Christianity (STDJ, 46; Leiden: E.J. Brill ): 220-47.
  • Alexander, P.S. 1977 ' The Historical Setting of the Hebrew Book of Enoch ', JJS 28: 156-80 .
  • 1984 ' Comparing Merkavah Mysticism and Gnosticism: An Essay in Method ', JJS 35: 1-18 .
  • 1987a ' 3 Enoch and the Talmud ', JSJ 18: 40-68 .
  • 1987 b ' Prayer in the Heikhalot Literature ', in R. Goetschel (ed.), Priere, Mystique et Judaïsme: Colloque de Strasbourg, 10-12 septembre 1984 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France ): 43-64.
  • Alexander, P.S., and A. Samely 1993 ' Introduction: Artifact and Text ', Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 75: 5-17 .
  • Altmann, A. 1946 ' Qedushah Hymns in the Early Heikhalot Literature ' (Hebrew), Melilah 2: 1-24 .
  • Anidjar, G. 1996 ' Jewish Mysticism Alterable and Unalterable: On Orienting Kabbalah Studies and the "Zohar of Christian Spain" ', JSS NS 3: 89-157 .
  • Bar-Ilan, M. 1987 The Mysteries of Jewish Prayer and Heikhalot (Hebrew) ( Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan University Press ).
  • Baumgarten, J.M. 1988 ' The Qumran Sabbath Shirot and Rabbinic Merkabah Traditions ', RevQ 13: 199-213 .
  • Becker, A.H., and A.Y Reed (eds.) 2003 The Ways That Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (TSAJ, 95; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Beit-Arie, M. 1993 ' Transmission of Texts by Scribes and Copyists: Unconscious and Critical Interferences ', Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 75: 33-51 .
  • 2000 'Publication and Reproduction of Literary Texts in Medieval Jewish Civilization: Jewish Scribality and its Impact on the Texts Transmitted ', in Y. Elman and I. Gershoni (eds.), Transmitting Jewish Traditions: Orality, Textuality, and Cultural Diffusion ( New Haven: Yale University Press ): 225-47.
  • Biale, D. 1982 Gershom Scholem: Kabbalah and Counter-History ( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press ).
  • Bloch, P. 1893 'Die Yordei Merkavah, die Mystiker der Gaonenzeit und ihr Einfluss auf die Liturgie ', MGWJ 37: 18-25 , 69-74 , 257-66 , 305-11 .
  • Boustan, R.S. 2003 'Rabbi Ishmael's Miraculous Conception: Jewish Redemption History in Anti-Christian Polemic', in Becker and Reed (eds.) 2003: 307-43.
  • 2004 'Angels in the Architecture: Temple Art and the Poetics of Praise in the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice', in Boustan and Reed (eds.) 2004: 195-12.
  • 2005 From Martyr to Mystic: Rabbinic Martyrology and the Making of Merkavah Mysticism (TSAJ, 112; Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ).
  • 2006 ' The Emergence of Pseudonymous Attribution in Heikhalot Literature: Empirical Evidence from the Jewish "Magical" Corpora ', JSQ 13: 1-21 .
  • Boustan, R.S., and A.Y Reed (eds.) 2004 Heavenly Realms and Earthly Realities in Late Antique Religions ( New York: Cambridge University Press ).
  • Boyarin, D. 1999 Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism ( Stanford: Stanford University Press ).
  • 2004 Border Lines: The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity ( Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press ).
  • Chartier, R. 1994 The Order of Books (trans. L.G. Cochrane; Cambridge: Polity Press ).
  • Cohen, M.S. 1983 The Shi'ur Qomah: Liturgy and Theurgy in Pre-Kabbalistic Jewish Mysticism ( Lanham: University Press of America ).
  • 1985 The Shi'ur Qomah: Texts and Recensions (TSAJ, 9; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Dan, J. 1987 ' Hidden Heikhalot ' (Hebrew), Tarbiz 36: 433-37 .
  • 1998 Jewish Mysticism. I: Late Antiquity ( Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson ).
  • Davila, J.R. 1994 ' Prolegomena to a Critical Edition of the Hekhalot Rabbati ', JJS 45: 208-26 .
  • 1999 'The Dead Sea Scrolls and Merkavah Mysticism', in T.H. Lim (ed.), The Dead Sea Scrolls in their Historical Context ( Edinburgh: T&T Clark ): 246-64.
  • 2001 1 Descenders to the Chariot: The People behind the Hekhalot Literature (JSJSup, 70; Leiden: E.J. Brill ).
  • 2003 'Melchizedek, the "Youth", and Jesus', in J. R. Davila (ed.), The Dead Sea Scrolls as Background to Postbiblical Judaism and Early Christianity (STDJ, 46; Leiden: E.J. Brill ): 248-74.
  • de Certeau, M. 1984 The Practice of Everyday Life (trans. S.F. Rendall; Berkeley: University of California Press ).
  • de Grazia, M., and P. Stallybrass 1993 ' The Materiality of the Shakespearean Text ', Shakespeare Quarterly 44: 255-83 .[CrossRef]
  • DeConick, A.D. 1996 Seek to See Him: Ascent and Vision Mysticism in the Gospel of Thomas (VCSup, 33; Leiden: E.J. Brill ).
  • Deutsch, N. 1995 The Gnostic Imagination: Gnosticism, Mandaeism, and Merkabah Mysticism ( Leiden: E.J. Brill ).
  • 1999 Guardians of the Gate: Angelic Vice Regency in Late Antiquity ( Leiden: E.J. Brill ).
  • Elior, R. 1995 ' From Earthly Temple to Heavenly Shrines: Prayer and Sacred Liturgy in the Hekhalot Literature and its Relations to Temple Traditions ' (Hebrew), Tarbiz 64: 421-80 .
  • 1997 ' From Earthly Temple to Heavenly Shrines ', JSQ 4: 217-67 .
  • 1998 'The Merkavah Tradition and the Emergence of Jewish Mysticism ', in A.Oppenheimer (ed.), Sino-Judaica: Jews and Christians in Historical Dialogue ( Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University ): 101-58.
  • 2004 a 'Hekhalot and Merkavah Literature: Its Relation to the Temple, the Heavenly Temple, and the "Diminished Temple" ' (Hebrew), in L.I. Levine (ed.), Continuity and Renewal: Jews and Judaism in Byzantine-Christian Palestine ( Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press ): 107-42.
  • 2004 b The Three Temples: On the Emergence of Jewish Mysticism (trans. D. Louvish; Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization ).
  • Fossum, J.E. 1995 The Image of the Invisible God: Essays on the Influence of Jewish Mysticism on Early Christology ( Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht ).
  • Goldberg, A. 1997a a 'Einige Bemerkungen zu den Quellen und der Redaktionellen Einheiten der grossen Hekhalot ', in M. Schliiter and P. Schafer (eds.), Mystik und Theologie des rabbinischen Judentums: Gesammelte Studien I (TSAJ, 61; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck ): 49-77 . First published in Frankfurter Judaistische Beiträge 1 (1973): 1-49 .
  • 1997b ' Das Schriftzitat in der Hekhalot-Literatur ', in M. Schliiter and P. Schafer (eds.), Mystik und Theologie des rabbinischen Judentums: Gesammelte Studien I (TSAJ, 61; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ): 78-92 . First published in Frankfurter Judaistische Beiträge 13 (1985): 43-60 .
  • Grafton, A., and M. Williams 2006 Christianity and the Transformation of the Book: Origen, Eusebius, and the Library of Caesarea ( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press ).
  • Gratz, H. 1859 ` Die mystische Literatur in der gaonaeischen Epoche ', MGWJ 8: 67-78 , 103-18 , 140-53 .
  • Gruenwald, I. 1980a 'Angelic Hymns, the Qedushah, and the Problem of the Composition of the Hekhalot Literature' (Hebrew), in A. Oppenheimer, U. Rappaport and M. Stem (eds.), Jerusalem in the Second Temple Period: Abraham Shalit Memorial Volume ( Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi ): 459-81.
  • 1980 b Apocalyptic and Merkavah Mysticism (AGJU, 14; Leiden: E.J. Brill ).
  • 1981-82 ' The Place of Priestly Traditions in the Writings of Merkavah Mysticism and the Shi'ur Qomah ' (Hebrew), JSJT 1: 65-120 .
  • 1988 From Apocalypticism to Gnosticism ( Frankfurt: Peter Lang ).
  • Gruenwald, I. (ed.) 1968-69 ' New Passages from Hekhalot Literature ', Tarbiz 38: 354-72 .
  • 1969-70 ' New Passages from Hekhalot Literature ', Tarbiz 39: 216-17 .
  • 1972 ' Visions of Ezekiel ' (Hebrew), Temirin 1: 101-39 .
  • Habermann, A.M. (ed.) 1975 Hadashim gam yeshanim ( Jerusalem: R. Mas ).
  • Halbertal, M. 2001 1 Concealment and Revelation: The Secret and its Boundaries in Medieval Jewish Tradition (Hebrew) ( Jerusalem: Hotsa'at Omah Hess ).
  • Halperin, D.J. 1980 The Merkavah in Rabbinic Literature ( New Haven: American Oriental Society ).
  • 1987 ' Heavenly Ascension in Ancient Judaism: The Nature of the Experience ', SBLSP 26: 218-32 .
  • 1988a ' Ascension or Invasion: Implications of the Heavenly Journey in Ancient Judaism ', Religion 18: 47-67 .[CrossRef]
  • 1988 b The Faces of the Chariot: Early Jewish Reponses to Ezekiel's Vision (TSAJ, 16; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Hamacher, E. 1996 ' Die Sabbatopferlieder im Streit um Ursprung und Anfänge der jüdischen Mystik ', JSJ 27: 119-54 .
  • Harari, Y. (ed.) 1997 The Sword of Moses: A New Edition and Study ( Jerusalem: Aqademon ).
  • Herrmann, K. 1988 ' Text und Fiktion: Zur Textiiberlieferung des Shi'ur Qoma ', FJB 16: 89-142 .
  • 1993 ' Re-Written Mystical Texts: The Transmission of the Heikhalot Literature in the Middle Ages ', Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 75: 97-116 .
  • 1994 ' Handschrift JNUL 8° 5226 in ihren Verhaltnis zum Schrifttum des El'asar von Worms ', FJB 21: 109-30 .
  • 2001 'The Reception of Hekhalot Literature in Yohanan Alemanno's Autograph MS Paris 859', in J. Dan and K. Herrmann (eds.), Studies in Jewish Manuscripts (TSMEMJ, 14; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ): 19-88.
  • 2003 'Jewish Mysticism in the Geonic Period: The Prayer of Rav Hamnuna Sava', in K. Herrmann, M. Schliiter and G. Veltri (eds.), Jewish Studies between the Disciplines: Papers in Honor of Peter Schäfer on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday ( Leiden: E.J. Brill ): 180-217.
  • Herrmann, K. (ed.) 1994 Massekhet Hekhalot: Trakfat von den himmlischen Palästen (TSAJ, 39; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Herrmann, K., and C. Rohrbacher-Sticker 1989 ' Magische Traditionen der New Yorker Hekhalot-Handschrift JTS 8128 im Kontext ihrer Gesamtredaktion ', FJB 17: 101-49 .
  • 1992 ' Magische Traditionen der Oxforder Hekhalot-Handschrift Michael 9 in ihrem Verhältnis zu MS New York JTS 8128 ', FJB 19: 169-83 .
  • Hezser, C. 1993 Form, Function, and Historical Significance of the Rabbinic Story in Yerushalmi Neziqin (TSAJ, 37; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Himmelfarb, M. 1988 ' Heavenly Ascent and the Relationship of the Apocalypses and the Hekhalot Literature ', HUCA 59: 73-100 .
  • 1993 Ascent to Heaven in Jewish and Christian Apocalypses ( New York: Oxford University Press ).
  • 1995 'The Practice of Ascent in the Ancient Mediterranean World ', in J.J. Collins and M.A. Fishbane (eds.), Death, Ecstasy and Other Worldly Journeys ( Albany, NY: State University of New York Press ): 123-37.
  • Idel, M. 1988 Kabbalah: New Perspectives ( New Haven: Yale University Press ).
  • 1998 Messianic Mystics ( New Haven: Yale University Press ).
  • Irshai, O. 2004 'The Priesthood in Jewish Society in Late Antiquity ' (Hebrew), in Levine (ed.) 2004b: 67-106.
  • Janowitz, N. 1989 The Poetics of Ascent: Theories of Language in a Rabbinic Ascent Text ( Albany, NY: State University of New York Press ).
  • Kuyt, A. 1990 ' Once Again: Yarad in Hekhalot Literature ', FJB 18: 45-69 .
  • 1993 'Traces of a Mutual Influence of the Haside Ashkenaz and the Hekhalot Literature', in N.A. van Uchelen and I.E. Zwiep (eds.), From Narbonne to Regensburg: Studies in Medieval Hebrew Texts ( Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers ): 62-86.
  • 1995 The 'Descent'to the Chariot: Towards a Description of the Terminology, Place, Function, and Nature of the Yeridah in Hekhalot Literature (TSAJ, 45; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • 1998 ' The Haside Ashkenaz and their Mystical Sources: Continuity and Innovation ', in U. Haxen, H. Trautner-Kromann and K.L. Goldschmidt Salamon (eds.), Jewish Studies in a New Europe , Proceedings of the Fifth European Association for Jewish Studies Congress (Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel A/S International Publishers): 462-71.
  • Leicht, R. 2005 ' Some Observations on the Diffusion of Jewish Magical Texts from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah and Ashkenaz', in S. Shaked (ed.), Officina Magica: Essays on the Practice of Magic in Antiquity (IJSSJ, 4; Leiden: E.J. Brill ): 213-31.
  • Lesses, R.M. 1996 ' Speaking with Angels: Jewish and Greco-Egyptian Revelatory Adjurations ', HTR 89: 41-60 .
  • 1998 Ritual Practices to Gain Power: Angels, Incantations, and Revelation in Early Jewish Mysticism (HTS, 44; Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press ).
  • Levi, I. (ed.) 1914 ' L'apocalypse de Zorobabel et le roi de Perse Siroes ', REJ 68: 129-60 .
  • Levine, L.I. 2004a 'Between Rome and Byzantium in Jewish History: Documentation, Reality, and the Issue of Periodization' (Hebrew), in Levine (ed.) 2004b: 7-48.
  • Levine, L.I. (ed.) 2004b Continuity and Renewal: Jews and Judaism in Byzantine-Christian Palestine ( Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press ).
  • Maier, J. 1963 ' Das Gefahrdungsmotiv bei der Himmelreise in der jüdischen Apokalyptic und "Gnosis" ', Kairos 5: 8-40 .
  • 1964 Vom Kultus zur Gnosis ( Salzburg: O. Miiller ).
  • 1973 ' Serienbildung und "numinoser" Eindruckseffekt in den poetischen Stücken der Hekhalot-Literatur ', Semitics 3: 36-66 .
  • Margalioth, M. (ed.) 1966 Sepher ha-Razim: A Newly Recovered Book of Magic from the Talmudic Period (Hebrew) ( Jerusalem: Yediot Achronot ).
  • McKenzie, D.F. 1986 Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts ( London : British Library).
  • Morray-Jones, C.R.A. 1991 ' Hekhalot Literature and Talmudic Tradition: Alexander's Three Text Cases ', JSJ 22: 1-39 .
  • 1992 ' Transformational Mysticism in the Apocalyptic-Merkabah Tradition ', JJS 43: 1-31 .
  • 1993a ' Paradise Revisited (2 Cor 12:1-12): The Jewish Mystical Background of Paul's Apostolate. Part I: The Jewish Sources ', HTR 86: 177-217 .
  • 1993b ' Paradise Revisited (2 Cor 12:1-12): The Jewish Mystical Background of Paul's Apostolate. Part 2: Paul's Heavenly Ascent and Its Significance ', HTR 86: 265-92 .
  • 2002 A Transparent Illusion: The Dangerous Vision of Water in Hekhalot Mysticism (JSJSup, 59; Leiden: E.J. Brill ).
  • Munoa, P.B., III 2002 ' Jesus, the Merkavah, and Martyrdom in Early Christian Tradition ', JBL 121: 303-25 .
  • Naveh, J., and S. Shaked 1993 Magic Spells and Formulae: Aramaic Incantations of Late Antiquity ( Jerusalem: Magnes Press ).
  • Nitzan, B. 1994 ' Harmonic and Mystical Characteristics in Poetic and Liturgical Writings from Qumran ', JQR 85: 163-83 .[CrossRef]
  • Reed, A.Y. 2001 ' From Asael and Semihazah to Uzzah, Azzah, and Azael: 3 Enoch 5 (§§7-8) and Jewish Reception-History of 1 Enoch ', JSQ 8: 105-36 .
  • 2005 Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature ( New York: Cambridge University Press ).
  • Reeg, G. (ed.) 1985 Die Geschichte von den Zehn Märtyrern (TSAJ, 10; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Reif, S.C. 2000 A Jewish Archive from Old Cairo: The History of Cambridge University's Genizah Collection ( Richmond , Surrey: Curzon ).
  • Schafer, P. 1988a Hekhalot-Studien (TSAJ, 19; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • 1988b ' Die Beschworung des sar ha-panim: Edition und Ubersetzung ', in Schafer 1988a: 118-53 . First published in FJB 6 ( 1978): 107-45 .
  • 1988c ' Engel und Menschen in der Hekhalot-Literatur ', in Schafer 1988a: 250-76 . First published in Kairos 22 (1980): 201-25 .
  • 1988d ' Tradition and Redaction in Hekhalot Literature ', in Schafer 1988a: 8-16 . First published in JSJ 14 (1983): 172-81 .
  • 1988e ' Handschriften zur Hekhalot-Literatur ', in Schafer 1988a: 154-233 . First published in FJB 11 (1983): 113-93 .
  • 1988f ' The New Testament and Hekhalot Literature: The Journey into Heaven in Paul and in Merkavah Mysticism ', in Schafer 1988a: 234-49 . First published in JJS 35 (1984): 19-35 .
  • 1988g ' Zum Problem der redaktionellen Identitat von Hekhalot Rabbati ', in Schafer 1988 a: 63-74 . First published in FJB 13 ( 1985): 1-22 .
  • 1988 h 'The Aim and Purpose of Early Jewish Mysticism', in Schafer 1988a: 277-95.
  • 1990 ' The Ideal of Piety in the Ashkenazi Hasidim and its Roots in Jewish Tradition ', Jewish History 4: 9-23 .[CrossRef]
  • 1992 The Hidden and Manifest God: Some Major Themes in Early Jewish Mysticism (trans. A. Pomerance; Albany, NY: State University of New York Press ).
  • 1993 'Research on Hekhalot Literature: Where Do We Stand Now?', in G. Sed-Rajna (ed.), Rashi, 1040-1990: Hommage à Ephraïn E. Urbach ( Paris: Editions du Cerf ): 229-35.
  • 1994 'Merkavah Mysticism and Magic', in P. Schafer and J. Dan (eds.), Gershom Scholem's Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism 50 Years After ( Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck ): 59-78.
  • 2004 'In Heaven as it is in Hell: The Cosmology of Seder Rabbah di-Bereshit', in Boustan and Reed (eds.) 2004: 233-74.
  • Schafer, P. (ed.) 1981 1 Synopse zur Hekhalot-Literatur, in collaboration with M. Schliiter and H.G. von Mutius (TSAJ, 2; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • 1984 Geniza-Fragmente zur Hekhalot-Literatur (TSAJ, 6; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • 1986 -88 Konkordanz zur Hekhalot-Literatur, in collaboration with G. Reeg (2 vols.; TSAJ, 12, 13; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Schafer, P., et al. (trans.) 1987-95 Übersetzung der Hekhalot-Literature (4 vols.; TSAJ, 17, 22, 29, 46; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • Schiffman, L.H. 1976 ' The Recall of Rabbi Nehuniah Ben Ha-Qanah from Ecstasy in Hekhalot Rabbati ', AJSR 1: 269-81 .
  • 1982 'Merkavah Speculation at Qumran: The 4QSerekh Shirot 'Olat ha-Shabbat', in J. Reinharz, D. Swetschinski and K.P. Bland (eds.), Mystics, Philosophers, and Politicians: Essays in Jewish Intellectual History in Honor of Alexander Altmann ( Durham, NC: Duke University Press ): 15-47.
  • 1987 ' The Heikhalot Literature and the Writings from Qumran ', JSJT 6: 121-38 .
  • Schimanowski, G. 2004 '''Connecting Heaven and Earth": The Function of the Hymns in Revelation 4-5', in Boustan and Reed (eds.) 2004: 67-84.
  • Scholem, G.G. 1954 Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism ( New York: Schocken Books , 3rd edn [1st edn 1941]).
  • 1965 Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism, and Talmudic Tradition ( New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America , 2nd edn [1 st edn 1960]).
  • Scholem, G.G. (ed.) 1980-81 ' Havdalah de-Rabbi Akiva: A Source for the Tradition of Jewish Magic during the Geonic Period ' (Hebrew), Tarbiz 50: 243-81 .
  • Segal, A.F. 1977 Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism (SJLA, 25; Leiden: E.J. Brill ).
  • 1990 Paul the Convert: The Apostolate and Apostasy of Saul the Pharisee ( New Haven: Yale University Press ).
  • Smith, J.Z. 1995 'Trading Places', in M. Meyer and P. Mirecki (eds.), Ancient Magic and Ritual Power (RGRW, 129; Leiden: E.J. Brill ): 13-28.
  • Stem, D. 2004 'Anthology and Polysemy in Classical Midrash', in D. Stem (ed.), The Anthology in Jewish Literature ( Oxford: Oxford University Press ): 108-39.
  • Swartz, M.D. 1986-87 " Alay le-shabbeah: A Liturgical Prayer in Ma'aseh Merkavah ', JQR NS 77: 179-90 .
  • 1989 'Patterns of Mystical Prayer in Ancient Judaism', in P.V M. Flescher (ed.), New Perspectives on Ancient Judaism 6( Lanham, MD: University Press of America ): 173-86.
  • 1990 ' Scribal Magic and its Rhetoric ', HTR 83: 163-80 .
  • 1992 Mystical Prayer in Ancient Judaism: An Analysis of Ma`aseh Merkavah (TSAJ, 28; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck ).
  • 1994a ' Books and Tradition in Hekhalot Literature ', JJTP 3: 189-229 .
  • 1994b b 'Like the Ministering Angels: Ritual and Purity in Early Jewish Mysticism and Magic ', AJSR 19: 135-67 .
  • 1995 'Magical Piety in Ancient and Medieval Judaism', in M. Meyer and P. Mirecki (eds.), Ancient Magic and Ritual Power (RGRW, 129; Leiden: E.J. Brill ): 167-83.
  • 1996 Scholastic Magic: Ritual and Revelation in Early Jewish Mysticism ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press ).
  • 2001 ' The Dead Sea Scrolls and Later Jewish Magic and Mysticism ', DSD 8: 182-93 .
  • Ta-Shma, I.M. 1985 ' The Library of the Ashkenazi Sages in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries ' (Hebrew), Qiryat Sefer 60: 298-309 .
  • Urbach, E.E. 1967 'The Traditions about Merkabah Mysticism in the Tannaitic Period' (Hebrew), in E.E. Urbach, J.Z. Werblowsky and Ch. Wirszubski (eds.), Studies in Mysticism and Religion Presented to Gershom G. Scholem ( Jerusalem: Magnes Press ): 1-28.
  • Williams, M.A. 1996 Rethinking 'Gnosticism': An Argument for Dismantling a Dubious Category ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press ).
  • Wolfson, E.R. 1993 'Yeridah la-Merkavah: Typology of Ecstasy and Enthronement in Ancient Jewish Mysticism', in R. A. Herrera (ed.), Mystics of the Book: Themes, Topics, and Typologies ( New York: Peter Lang ): 13-44.
  • 1994 a Through a Speculum That Shines: Vision and Imagination in Medieval Jewish Mysticism ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press ).
  • 1994b ' Mysticism and the Poetic-Liturgical Compositions from Qumran: A Response to Bilhah Nitzan ', JQR 85: 185-202 .[CrossRef]

Currents in Biblical Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, 130-160 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1476993X07080244
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?



This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Boustan, R. S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?